Designed by an unknown architect, it was errected 1640-3, to the East of
the court in Christ's College. Its palatial size, bold free-standing
symmetrical composition, and Classical motifs, made it the most innovative
and important building of mid 17th century Cambridge.
There are giant pilasters at each corner,
topped by strangely squat Ionic capitals, and pilasters flanking each
door. The orders are not however used to control the composition. The
central door is wider than the other two and has a correspondingly higher
arch. In order to accommodate the window above the central door, the arch
is made four-centred rather than semi-circular, and the window had to be
reduced in height. In his design for Emmanuel Chapel, Wren approached a
similar problem in a more classical way.
Ground floor windows are surrounded by
alternating rustication, a feature that was, in the 18th century, to
become known as the Gibbs surround. It appeared in Serlio's Libro
Estraordinario of 1551, and was brought to England by Inigo Jones.
Another innovative motif for Cambridge was the use of upright
mullion-and-transom cross windows, rather than the old style horizontal
mullioned windows.
Ray likes the building, pointing out that,
although imperfect in its classicism, it is neither self-consciously
mannerist, nor provincially clumsy. He describes it as robust and cleverly
inventive, with bouncy rythms in the alternating window pediment shapes. |