At first sight, there is
absolutely nothing in common between the art of a medallist and a
caricature. But have you ever thought that the expression "the reverse of
the medal" crosses with the notion "implication" of a caricature? Any award
is a "positive" merit, while a caricature is rather "negative". But extremes
meet, and satiric orders and humorous medals appear.
In the time of Reformation the Protestants produced offensive for the
Pope medals with the inscription "Pope power is unpleasant for God".Those
original caricatures were distributed around Germany, France, and England.
Pope supporters, in revenge, issued anti-Calvin medals on which Huguenots
with wolf's heads craved to swallow France. In France carnival traditions
were widely spread, that is why for every carnival special lead medals were
coined in honour of supreme buffoons. On one of them a pope of fools in
tiara and with a cross accompanied by two jesters and two figures in
doctors' caps was presented. On the reverse side - a figure of Stupidity
with a rattle and kneeled Cardinal.
Once an August the Saxon's lover, a countess of Kozel was awarded a
medal-caricature; on one side of it two Cupids were coined, while on the
reverse side - an act of hen and rooster's love. This "reward" reflected
citizens' attitude towards this affair, and at the same time the will of
August's political opponents.
The tradition of "giving" satiric awards was kept by "Krokodil" editorial
staff. It was initiated by the first editor-in-chief K. Eremeev who
suggested to reward bureaucrats, procrastinators, and red-tapists. Later the
artists began to look for "heroes" abroad. In 1951 M. Abramov designed a
medal for imperialists: the order "Fig leaf" for American imperialists to
hide war preparations; "Honourary Instigator" for W. Churchill and the
supporters of Cold war policy; "Birch Cross" - for German revenge-seekers.
1967 was announced the International year of Human Rights, so Y. Fedorov
designed a medal to award oppressors of human freedoms. At the same time
some awards for "labour" were created: to reward bodgers and lazy-bones.
In foreign countries humourous awards are more popular. Every year Polish
children reward writers, poets, actors, and artists with "The Order of
Smile". Russian children give their favourite actress Rina Zelenaya a unique
medal "To Smile".
Caricaturists designed medals with portraits of their colleagues.
In 1988 I. Anchukov created a series of medals for eye-wash. Two years
later A. Vasar drew a series of orders with political implication and
published it in "Picker". In 1997 I. Solsky proposed awards for robbery, not
paying salaries, and some others. There are a lot of souvenier medals coined
specially for exhibitions of caricatures. It seems the museum of medals in
Wroclaw (Poland) would be more interesting if it had some funny and satiric
awards.