L.Varshavsky, a researcher of
graphic humour of late XIXth and early XXth century wrote: "Perhaps,
caricature is the frankest of all kinds of art. The model and the artist are
thoroughly examined as if they are X-rayed."
The history of Soviet humourous portrait began in 1920-1930s. The most
famous were N. Radlov, B. Antonovsky, and B. Malakhovsky. M. Kupriyanov's (
one of Kukriniksi) graduate work was a caricature album of people of art.
In 1930 in "Literaturnaya Gazeta" ("Literary Newspaper") Kukriniksi
published a caricature of some writers (L. Leonov, V. Lugovskoy, and some
others). They presented constellations. Thus, V. Mayakovsky and N. Aseev
looked like Great Bear. During their long creative life those artists paid
tribute to humorous portraits. Their humorous portraits of J. Effel, H.
Bidsrup, M. Cheremnikh, and some other their colleagues are interesting,
indeed.
After the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) the meetings of Moscow writers
were usually held in the House of Arts. The artists and satiric poets used
to make a humorous newspaper for every meeting. One of the regular authors
of caricatures was I. Igin. He appeared to be the most fruitful Soviet
caricaturist. His models were writers (M. Zotshenko, Y. Olesha, A.
Kruchyonikh, P. Bazhov), film producers (M. Romm, S. Gerasimov), artists (Y.
Vasnetsov, F. Reshetnikov, N. Altman), theatrical people(M.Tarkhanov, S.
Mikhoels, N. Cherkasov), variety actors (L. Mironov, L. Utesov), and the
caricaturists (D. Moor, Kukriniksi). Some collections of his caricatures
were published. They were extremely popular not only because of caricatures,
but the author appeared to be gifted as a story-teller and all caricatures
were accompanied with witty commentaries of the artist. Satiric poets S.
Mikhalkov and S. Marshak wrote epigrams to accompany Igin's caricatures.
"Krokodil" has always published humorous portraits. For some holidays and
jubilees the magazine usually published funny compositions where famous
writers, musicians, and artists were friendly ridiculed.
T.Macaulay used to say that there is no more destroying force than to
ridicule people. The tradition of Soviet humorous portrait is attracted not
to "destruction", on the contrary, to creation. There is hardly one of
numerous "heroes" of Kukriniksi's humorous portraits was look offended or
insulted.
The art of humorous portrait is quite democratic. Many people of art were
involved in drawing them giving their fans a chance to learn more about
their talents. B. Livanov, a famous actor of Moscow Art Theatre, a very
witty person, created special caricatured history of the theatre. S.
Martinson issued a book of theatrical caricatures. L. Likhodeev, a humorous
writer, and P. Kapitsa, a physicist, drew caricatures of writers. One of the
TV producers, a former editor of a musical and humorous programme "13 Chairs
Cabare", V. Karyachkin published a book of humorous portraits.