Humorous portrait is not a badly
drawn portrait with a long nose. It is a bulk of knowledge about a person, a
subject, and a phenomenon expressed in their negative qualities through the
breaking of proportions in such a way that at last the drawing is congruous
and balanced. The composition of any caricature is obligatory." (D. Moor).
D.Moor was a bright drawer and the author of numerous caricatures. He
thought that a caricature is the revealing of the essential, a mark of
popularity. A caricature is close to an epigram and a parody: many Russian
writers were fond of writing epigrams, and the artists drew caricatures, and
vise versa.
This genre requires great art and life experience. If a caricature is
meant for public, then a figure of fun should be well-known. (e.g.
politicians or people of art). It is easy to draw them, because the heart of
their activities is creative art. A caricature hardly ridicules, it
enlightens a character with a kind smile, make a famous person closer to
common people.
In Russian album graphics of 1830s the drawings by P. Chelitshev were
well-known. "Likeness, manners, and posture - everything was caught
perfectly; everyone recognized oneself immediately". It is quite interesting
but the artists had never changed the faces of his characters. The students
of the Lyceum liked to draw caricatures of each other: P. Yakovlev was
especially fond of it. Thanks to him we can see caricatures of A. Pushkin,
W. Kuhelbecker, and others nowadays.
Great Russian writers of the XIXth century, as well as the people of art
of "Silver Age"(early XXth century) were the figures of fun. The artists of
"The World of Art" group S. Chekhonin, M. Dobuzhinsky, Y. Annenkov, etc.
made a valuable contribution to the art of political caricature with their
caricatures of the tsar and his ministers.
After the First Russian Revolution of 1905-1907 the art of political
caricature stopped, the artists began to banter writers, artists, and
actors. In "Satiricon" in 1908 Re-Mi published a series of caricatures
"History of Russian Literature" its characters were L. Andreev, S.
Gorodetsky, M. Kuzmin, R. Boborikin, M. Artsibashev, etc.
For 35 years Moscow artists participated in the work of "Wednesday" club;
its participants can be seen on the humorous portraits by N. Klodt and D.
Moor. The artists of St. Petersburg became the main characters of humorous
"ABC" created by the artists of "World of Art". The humorous water-colours
were painted by M. Dobuzhinsky and accompanied with epigrams. Professional
humorous portraits were created by artists- regular visitors of "Brodyachaya
Sobaka" ("Stray Dog") cafe; there are also a lot of caricatures in "Chukokkala",
a unique almanac which began its history in 1914.
In 1915 the artists published an album of caricatures "Russian Beds on
Parnassus" devoted to writers and actors.