In African jungles one can come
across a comic bird. Because of its funny grimaces it is named a mountebank.
The artists began to depict fantastic animals in medieval miniatures and
sculptures for houses and churches. Perhaps, the great number of "earthly
creatures" made it possible for the artists to widen their imagination.
Artists of ancient Egypt also changed people's heads for beasts', but they
did it for religious reasons, although nowadays those figures seem to be
funny. In ancient Greece a great comedywright Aristhophanes named some of
his comedies after animals ("Wasps", "Frogs").
W.Hogarth exploited common features of people and monkeys in his satiric
engravings. Leonardo da Vinci wonderfully combined plants and animals in his
drawings. In medieval times "beast satire" was like social protest of the
poor. Medieval buffoons dressed up as bears or goats and made people laugh.
During Yuletide season common people also put on animal skins and masks.
Animal images were used by F. Goya, A. Oberlender, and some others. One of
the most famous series is Granville's "Metamorphosis". Especially popular in
humorous drawings were such animals as pigs, donkeys, camels, snakes, and
magpies.
Modern artists combine reality with fantasy, turn creatures into
mechanisms, geographic notions, and abstract symbols. During hard years of
revolutions and wars caricaturists drew beasts to mock enemies. In 1932 the
caricaturists Y. Ganf and K. Rotov turned the fence around one of Moscow
building into a cage where they put imperialist beasts ( a
colonialist-tiger, an imperialist-lion, etc.).
A series of caricatures "People and Animals" by V. Bakhchanyan was
published, a collection of cat caricatures was issued by Sine and Kliban in
1970s. Some well-known caricaturists like H. Bidstrup, G. Svetozarov, and N.
Vorotsov also drew animals. In R. Surle's and V. Bogorad's caricatures birds
were depicted. "I love Dogs" is the title of a collection of caricatures
published in Moscow in 1988. S. Dali. M. Ernst, R. Margitte and A. Tishler
created their grotesque Zoo. Caricaturists also drew animals on different
emblems (a dog - symbol of "Simplitsissimus"). A crocodile, a hippo, a
porcupine, and a hedgehog gave their names to humorous magazines