A series "Caprichos" by F. Goya
considerably influenced the art of the XXth century. Its humour is tragic,
grotesque and "black" because it overthrows the routine of human existence
and brings cosmic and human together. It is a visual absurd born by reality.
The same reality brought to life horrible characters of E. T.-A. Hoffmann,
and influenced J. Callot's fantasies. The absurd world perception was quite
common with the people of that time, because it made people free from daily
routine. Basically, the thesis of human freedom is the basis of
existentialism - the philosophical ground of black humour.
The artists of all the times and countries use the elements of "black
humour" in their works this or that way. Caricaturists also devoted some of
their works to it ( see "Satiricon" 1908, 1912). Dadaists and surrealists
overthrew all accepted "esthetic" rules and made absurd the banner of their
art. The most famous of them is S. Dali - the greatest jester of the XXth
century, who devoted all his life and works to the irrational. His paintings
and drawings look like "black" caricatures. In 1970s S. Dali himself became
the figure of "strange" humour, participating, for example, in making photos
for the "Pins" magazine.
The notion "black humour" is quite relative. Hardly any drawn terrible
thing is not real. Unlike cinema, painting, and literature "black"
caricature contains mockery at violent art, although it uses its devices.
Interpreting the topic of "restrained wishes", a caricaturist makes fun of
Freudism, although according to Z. Freud humour protects people from
emotions like anger, wrath, disgust, and horror.
Caricature itself can not be completely irrational, or absurd because
there should be space for humour.
"Black humour" sometimes helps penetrate into the heart of the problem
the artist touches upon. The laughter of absurd is always on the borderline
between consciousness and sub-consciousness. Only few caricaturists can work
successfully in this genre. R. Topor is considered to be the "father" of
"black humour", sometimes rude, mischievous, and fairy. The artist sets off
his works against not only traditional art, but specific aestheticism. Being
enthusiastic about the works of Bosch and Goya, Topor thinks his art is like
a scream of terror. In his caricatures absurd is like pepper.
A. Chechot is supposed to be a humorous philosopher. He draws in pop-art
style.
In 1998 in Bucharest a festival of "black" caricature was held.