Recorders have been a part of European musical history since at least the 13th century. They are the forerunners of the contemporary transverse (orchestral) flute which became increasingly fashionable during the 18th century. Their name possibly comes from the Latin word "recordari" (to be mindful or to recollect). In the Netherlands, this instrument is called the "blokfluit", in Italy, "flauto dolce". Like other duct flutes, recorders have a block (often made from wood), immediately below the blowhole which directs the flow of air. Usually, there are seven finger hole, and one thumb hole; the end or foot-joint typically has a slight flare.
Since 1450, instrument makers have been manufacturing families of recorders, ranging from from soprano to great bass, the smallest producing a higher range, the largest producing the lowest sounds. These early instruments were used primarily in ensembles with other indoor, soft-voiced instruments (such as the lute) or in recorder consorts. In the mid 17th century, the recorder was restructured as a solo instrument, more suitable for chamber music performance.
Baroque composers who featured the recorder include Jean-Baptiste Lully, Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Henry Purcell, Johann Sebastian Bach, George Friedrich Handel. More contemporary works include Paul Hindemith's "Trio", Henk Bading's "Sonata", Benjamin Britten's children's opera, "Noye's Fludde" and Makoto Shinohara's "Fragmente".