Bell, Charles (1774-1842)

Scottish anatomist and surgeon who carried out pioneering research on the human nervous system. He gave his name to Bell's palsy, an extracranial paralysis of the facial nerve, and to the long thoracic nerve of Bell, which supplies a muscle in the chest wall.
Bell was born in Edinburgh and became a surgeon at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, having learned from his surgeon brother John Bell (1763-1820). Charles went to London 1804, held various academic posts, and returned to Edinburgh 1836 as professor of surgery.
Bell discovered that nerves are composite structures, each with separate fibres for sensory and motor functions. His findings first appeared 1811; his main written work was The Nervous System of the Human Body 1830.