Céline, Louis-Ferdinand (1894-1961)

French novelist and physician. Born in Courbevoie, a Paris suburb, he studied medicine and from 1924 to 1928 traveled widely as a physician and medical researcher. Back in France, he joined the staff of a state clinic in Clichy, working mainly as a physician to the poor. His nihilistic first novel, Journey to the End of the Night (1932; trans. 1934) was followed by a similar work, Death on the Installment Plan (1936; trans. 1938), and Guignol's Band (1944; trans. 1954). Celine's savagely misanthropic outlook, combined with his anti-Semitic writings of the late 1930s, caused him to be accused of collaboration with the Nazis, although he was a pacifist. As a result, Celine fled to Germany in 1944. Finally exonerated by the French government, he returned to France in 1950. His experiences in exile are recorded fictionally in Castle to Castle (1957; trans. 1968) and two later works. His writings continue to be valued for their stylistic innovations and absurdist outlook.