Doolittle, James Harold (1896-)

Aviator; born in Alameda, Calif. Commissioned in the Army Air Corps in 1920, he pioneered instrument landing techniques as a test pilot during the 1920s. Doolittle resigned from the regular service in 1930 to join the Shell Oil Company as an executive. Pursuing his interest in aircraft development, he set a world speed record in 1932. Recalled to active duty in 1940, Doolittle led the famous 1942 attack on Tokyo and other Japanese cities by 16 B-25 bombers flying off the aircraft carrier USS Hornet, a daring operation that gave a terrific boost to morale on the home front. He commanded the 12th Air Force during the North Africa campaign (1942--43), the 15th Air Force in Italy (1943), and the 8th Air Force during the intensive bombing offensive against Germany (1944--45). Doolittle returned to Shell after the war and was a vice-president and director of the company until his retirement in 1959