Garrod, Archibald Edward (1857-1937)

Physician, born in London, England, UK. He studied at Oxford, where he went on to hold a chair of medicine (1920--7). His classical study of four inherited human metabolic diseases, described in his Inborn Errors of Metabolism (1909), was far ahead of its time: he both showed that Mendelian genetics applied to humans, and correctly proposed a connection between an altered gene (a mutation) and a blocked metabolic pathway causing a specific disease. This concept, basic to biochemical genetics, was strangely neglected for 30 years.