Fokine, Michel (1880-1942)
Russian dancer and choreographer, whose work revitalized traditional classical ballet. Born in Saint Petersburg, Fokine studied at the Imperial Ballet School and became soloist with the Imperial Ballet in 1898, soon becoming dissatisfied with ballet's traditional gestures. In his view, dance, music, scenic decor, and costuming should contribute equally to create a unified whole.
Fokine's early works included The Dying Swan (1905), a solo dance for Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova, and Le Pavillon d'Armide (1907). In 1909 Russian impresario Sergei Diaghilev invited Fokine to become choreographer for his Ballets Russes in Paris. Fokine thus gained the opportunity to develop his ideas, and Diaghilev enlisted some of the era's greatest composers, dancers, and designers to work with him. Fokine returned to live in Russia in 1914, later settling in New York City as a choreographer and teacher.