Bolivia 
Location Central South America, southwest of Brazil 
Geographic coordinates 17 00 S, 65 00 W 
Map references South America 
Area total: 1,098,580 sq km 
land: 1,084,390 sq km 
water : 14,190 sq km 
Land boundaries: total : 6,743 km 
border countries Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km 
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 
Maritime claims none (landlocked) 
Climate varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid 
Terrain rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin 
Elevation extremes lowest point : Rio Paraguay 90 m 
highest point: Cerro Illimani 6,882 m 
Natural resources tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber 
Land use arable land: 2% 
permanent crops: 0% 
permanent pastures: 24% 
forests and woodland : 53% 
other: 21% (1993 est.) 
Irrigated land 1,750 sq km (1993 est.) 
Natural hazards  cold, thin air of high plateau is obstacle to efficient fuel combustion, as well as to physical activity by those unaccustomed to it from birth; flooding in the northeast (March-April) 
Environment 
current issues
 the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation 
Environment 
international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands 
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection 
note landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru