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To understand how molecular
orbitals are formed, it's necessary to understand how waves interact.
(Remember that electrons can
act as waves.)
When waves overlap, they undergo a process known as interference. If
the waves line up, with crest next to crest, you get a wave with the same
wavelength and frequency, but a larger amplitude. If they line up crest to
trough, they end up canceling each other out.
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