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Complexes
have an equilibrium constant for their formation like any other chemical reaction. For example, for the complex Cd(OH)4-2, the formation reaction is

Cd+2(aq) + 4OH-(aq) -> Cd(OH)4-2(aq)
and therefore the equilibrium constant expression is
K = [Cd(OH)4-2] / [Cd+2][OH-]4
The equilibrium constant is often called the formation constant for the reaction.

Example: What is the formation constant expression for the complex Co(NH3)5NO2+2?

Solution: Just write out the formation reaction and then write the equilibrium constant expression for that reaction. The formation reaction is

Co+3(aq) + 5NH3(aq) + NO2-(aq) -> Co(NH3)5NO2+2
Therefore, the equilibrium constant expression (formation constant) is
K = [Co(NH3)5NO2+2] / ([Co+3][NH3]5[NO2-])


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