Properties of Ketones and Aldehydes:

Ketones are a class of functional groups that contain an internal carbonyl (C=O) group, and are connected to two alkyl groups. Aldehydes are a class of functional groups that contain an external carbonyl group, attatched to alkyl substituent and a Hydrogen.

Ketone General Form	Aldehyde General form

Nomenclature of Ketones and Aldehydes:

Common Names:

Aldehydes
Common names for aldehydes are derived from the common names of carboxylic acids. They often reflect the Latin or Greek term for the original source of the acid or the aldehyde.

Carboxylic Acids	Aldehyde
Formic Acid (ant bites)	Formaldehyde
Acetic Acid (vinegar)	Acetaldehyde
Benzoic Acid	Benzaldehyde (Oil in almonds

Ketones

Ketone common names are formed by naming the two alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group. Substituent locations are given using greek letters, beginning with the carbon next to the carbonyl group.

Methyl ethyl ketone	-bromoethyl isopropyl ketone

IUPAC Names:
Ketones
To name ketones using the IUPAC system, you find the largest carbon chain containing the ketone. Use numbers to give the position of the ketone and chain the -ane ending to -anone.

Propanone	2-Butanone

Aldehydes
To name aldehydes using the IUPAC system, you find the largest carbon chain containing the aldehyde. The number one is assumed so just change the -e of an alkane to -al.

2-butanamine	N-methyl butanamine	3, N,N-trimethyl-2-butanamine

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