Themes > Science > Earth Sciences > Geology > Soils > Soil Morphology > Physical Properties > Particle shape and size


The soil particles vary in shape from spherical to angular. They differ in size from gravel and sand to fine clay. The effective size limits adopted are given in Table 2.

Table 2. Particle sizes--USDA and International Classification Systems.

International or Atterberb system USDA system
(Diameter in mm)
Gravel 2 and more 2 and more
Very coarse sand 2-1 -
Coarse sand 1.0-0.5 2.0-0.2
Medium sand 0.5-0.25 -
Fine sand 0.25-1 0.2-0.02
Very fine sand 0.10-0.05 -
Silt 0.05-0.02 0.02-0.002
Clay less than 0.002 less than 0.002

While the International System is commonly used to designate textures, the US system is necessary for classifying soils according to Soil Taxonomy which is being adapted in the soil-survey organizations all over the country.


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