Height (m)	Physique	Brain size (ml)	Skull form	Jaws/teeth	Distribution	Known date (years ago)
Homo habilis (small)	1	Relatively long arms	500-650	Relatively small face; nose developed	Thinner jaw; smaller, narrow molars	Eastern (+ Southern?) Africa	2-1.6 million	Homo habilis (small)
Homo habilis (large)	c. 1.5	Robust but 'human' skeleton	600-800	Larger, flatter face	Robust jaw, large narrow molars	Eastern Africa	2-1.6 million	Homo habilis (large)
Homo erectus	1.3-1.5	Robust but 'human skeleton'	750-1250	Flat, thick skull with large occipital and brow ridge	Robust jaw in larger individuals; smaller teeth than H. habilis	Africa, Asia and Indonesia (+ Europe?)	1.8-0.3 million	Homo erectus
'Archaic Homo Sapiens'	?	Robust but 'human skeleton'	1100-1400	Higher skull; face less protruding	Similar to H. erectus but teeth may be smaller	Africa, Asia and Europe	400,000-100,000	'Archaic Homo Sapiens'
Neanderthals	1.5-1.7	As 'archaic H. sapiens' but adapted for cold	1200-1750	Reduced brow ridge; thinner skull; large nose; midface projection	Similar to 'archaic H. sapiens'; teeth smaller except for incisors; chin development in some	Europe and western Asia	150,000-30,000	Neanderthals
Early modern Homo sapiens	1.6-1.85	Modern skeleton; adapted for warmth	1200-1700	small or no brow ridge; shorter, higher skull	Shorter jaws than Neanderthals; chin developed; teeth may be smaller	Africa and western Asia	130,000-60,000	Early modern Homo sapiens

From The Cambridge Encylopedia of Human Evolution, p251. Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.