| Themes > Science > Physics > Atomic Physics > Atomic Structure > New System of the Atom > Introduction |
By considering the proton a fundamental particle, many calculations have been thrown off balance, becoming complicated and confused. The calculations can still be made but they are laborious, the underlying basis is obscure, and false techniques such as renormalization are required to make the math come out right. Attempts to simplify things lead to new problems, and a plethora of transient particles (the "particle zoo"). This new system proposes that the proton is not a fundamental particle but a combination of two particles, the neutron and the anti-electron, the anti-matter equivalent of the electron. This anti-electron is not the "positron," which was discovered in cosmic rays in 1932 and has positive mass, but the original anti-electron of Dirac, which had negative mass. There would have to be some way to isolate it more or less permanently, and this is what actually happens inside atoms. |
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