| Themes > Science > Physics > Atomic Physics > Atomic Structure > New System of the Atom > Particle Classification > Anti-Matter |
The only anti-particle predicted by the proven mathematics of Dirac (1930) was the anti-electron with negative mass. When the positron was discovered two years later, Dirac rejected it because it had positive mass, later agreeing reluctantly that it might be the same particle, under pressure from others who thought the difference between positive and negative mass was vague or indistinguishable, or that a particle of negative mass was impossible. Ordinarily it would be impossible. We can’t have a negative-mass particle just wandering around loose. But this new anti-electron is never found wandering loose. It is always bound to a decayed neutron. It resides inside the neutron, or below the surface of the neutron. It cannot exist outside the nucleus. It cannot be accessed in any way, and only during some kind of nuclear disruption does it re-unite with a regular electron, producing gamma rays. After Dirac, people decided that if the electron had an anti-particle, so must all the other particles, and there arose anti-protons, anti-neutrons, etc., just to complete the catalog of supposed anti-matter. But the proton is a combination of the neutron and the anti-electron. It’s not even a fundamental particle, and it would not have an anti-particle. The neutron, being neutral, would likewise not have or need an anti-particle. The photon was its own anti-particle in the old system, and it still would be now, because it’s just an electron alternating with an anti-electron, or the same thing as before. To understand atoms, we need only two anti-particles, the electron and the anti-electron. The anti-matter of the Universe, that is supposed to equal the regular matter in amount but has never been found, is really not missing after all. Anti-electrons are inside the nuclei of atoms, where they can’t re-unite with regular electrons. Since the number of anti-electrons in each normal atom is exactly equal to the number of regular electrons, the totals in the Universe are also equal. |
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