Neutrons are featureless spheres of fundamental material. When they soak up energy from their surroundings, from any source, they begin to vibrate at their resonant frequencies, which, owing to their small size, are way up in the gamma range, in the many trillions per second. These vibrations result in the emanation of gamma radiation.
Fig 1. Neutron's charge, though measured at zero, actually varies
trillions of times per second from plus to minus the charge of an
electron.
But this radiation is split in half at the neutron's surface. The positively-charged halves go in. The negatively-charged halves go out. When neutrons decay, they retain these positive charges, becoming what we know as protons, while the negative charges are given off, as electrons.
Fig. 2. Electron is made of trillions of intermittent, alternating charges
per second.
If an electron is created with sufficient energy, it can escape entirely from the nucleus, being given off in the form of negative beta rays. Otherwise, it spreads out from the nucleus and finds equilibrium, as a water drop hangs from a faucet.
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