Themes > Science > Physics > Atomic Physics > Atomic Structure > New System of the Atom > Theory of the Universal Field

It is known that a material body has a field of gravitational attraction around itself that extends outward in all directions, diminishes as the square of the distance, is almost absolutely rigid, and is interlocked with the gravitational fields of all other bodies. The gravitational attraction does not travel outward in gravitational waves, but is permanent. When bodies move in space, the gravitational fields rearrange themselves accordingly. Neither field nor body causes the other; they are the inseparable parts of the total package.

If we were to toss a ball from one hand to the other and back again, the gravitational field of the ball would move from hand to hand, and back again. But the field extends far into space. If someone on the Moon tried to measure the slight change in the center of the ball's gravitational field, nothing would be felt for about a second and a half, but the ball might be back in the original hand by then. The person on the Moon would actually be measuring a wave of disturbance in the gravitational field, because the gravitational field cannot rearrange itself fast enough over that entire distance. This disturbance wave is not a gravity wave but a light wave. It would be a light wave of too long a wavelength to be visible, or even detectable by instruments.

But one class of movement does register on our instruments. That is a rapidly oscillating disturbance, such as when we heat a gas and cause its atoms to vibrate. A rapid disturbance might even be visible to our eyes if it has a frequency in the millions. Now we can construct the everyday Universe, starting from an infinite empty space which has nothing more than a random scattering of featureless spheres, which are what we know as neutrons.

  1. All material bodies vibrate according to their natural or resonant frequencies.
  2. When neutrons vibrate, their surfaces move back and forth (undulate). They move only a few trillionths of an inch but they do this many trillions of times per second.
  3. The net, or average, gravitational field doesn’t change, but the movement is a disturbance in the gravitational field, which has a "hardness" or immobility far greater than steel.

    Fig. 7. Neutron’s vibration is a disturbance in the gravitational field.
  4. The disturbance spreads outward and diminishes as the square of the distance.
  5. The disturbance is what we call ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (LIGHT).
  6. The disturbance can transport energy.
  7. In any given location, at any given time, the force of the disturbance can greatly exceed the force of the gravitational field itself.
  8. One complete cycle of the disturbance has an energy in ergs numerically equal to Planck’s constant in erg-seconds (from E = hv).
  9. If the disturbance is split in half, the halves may gather into electric charges, positive and negative.
  10. If the disturbance frequency approaches 1022, the disturbance is gamma radiation and the halves are beta radiation.
  11. Basic charges that we think of as fixed, such as the charge of the electron, are actually wave packets of intermittent alternating charge, which have a small mass and can be moved around by the application of an external force or field.
  12. The magnetic moment of the electron arises because it is an intermittent negative alternating charge, rather than a physically circulating, electrically-charged body. (A changing electric field makes a magnetic field).
  13. The magnetic moment of the proton is the combined moment of the proton’s two constituents, the neutron and the anti-electron (after Wick).
  14. The magnetic moment of the neutron is due to its charge, though measured at zero, actually varying trillions of times per second from plus to minus.
  15. Like masses attract, opposites repel (from Newton, G = m1m2).
  16. Like charges repel, opposites attract (charges are disturbances).


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