Protozoa
Ciliophora (ciliates, paramecia, spirotrichs)
 ..Cilia
provide locomotion and feeding currents
..Rigid
pellicle
..Two
unequal nuclei
Sarcomastigophora (amebas, dinoflagellates, formaniferans,
radiolarians)
..Unicellular
or colonial protozoa
..Flagella
and or pseudopodia provide locomotion
..Autotrophic
or heterotrophic
..Homokaryotic
(single kind of nucleus)
Labryinthomorpha (labyrinthmorphans)
..Complex
network of ectoplasm extensions connecting the cells
Apicomplexa (gregarines and coccidians, ex. Plasmodium
responsible for malaria)
..Apical
complex
Microspora (microsporans)
..Intracellular
parasites
..Defined
by spore structure (polar filaments)
Ascetospora (ascetosporans)
..Intracellular
parasites
..Defined
by spore structure (no polar filaments)
Myxozoa (myxozoans)
..Defined
by spore structure
Mesozoa
Placozoa
..Marine
..Lacks
anterior/posterior polarity and symmetry
..Cells
arranged in double layer plate
..Flagella
used for gliding motion
..Reproduces
by fission
Orthonectida
..Asexual
plasmodial phase and sexual ciliated phase
..In
gonochoristic species, males attach to females
Rhombozoa
..Marine
..Outer
layer of somatic cells surrounding core layer of reproductive cells
..Obligate
symbionts in cephalapods
..Eutely
(predetermined number of cells in each individual)
..Polar
cap at the anterior end
Monoblastozoa
..Body
wall consists of single layer of cells bordering body cavity
..Bristles
on "mouth" and "anus"
..Locomotion
by ciliary gliding
..Note:
there is only one record of this organism and it may not be accurate
Porifera (sponges)
..Cellular
level of organization (no true tissues)
..Cells
totipotent (capable of developing into a complete organism or
differentiating into any tissue in the organism)
..Choanocytes
drive water through aquiferous system
..Sessile
suspension feeders
..Some
possess skeletal elements called spicules
Cnidaria (jellyfish, sea anemones, corals and hydra
..Possess
ectoderm and endoderm (diploblastic)
..Radial
symmetry
..Possess
Cnidae (commonly called nematocysts or stinging cells)
..Two-way
gut
..No
head, central nervous system, discrete gas exchange, excretory or
circulatory systems
..Possess
a nerve net
Ctenophora (comb jellies)
..Diploblastic/li>
..Biradial
symmetry
..Possess
adhesive structures called colloblasts
..Gastrovascular
cavity
..No
head, central nervous system, discrete gas exchange, excretory or
circulatory systems
..Possess
a nerve net more specialized than cnidarians
..Eight
rows of ciliary plates (combs/ctenes)
..Pair
of long tentacles, usually retractable
..Typically
hermaphroditic
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
..Unsegmented
worms
..Triploblastic,
acoelomate
..Bilateral
symmetry
..Complex
but two-way gut
..Cephalized
nervous system
..Possess
primitive excretory and osmosregulatory structures
..Typically
hermaphroditic
Nemertea (ribbon worms)
..Unsegmented
worms
..Triploblastic,
acoelomate or coelomate
..Bilateral
symmetry
..Complex
one-way digestive tract
..Cephalized
nervous system and closed circulatory system
..Possess
unique proboscis in the rhnychocoel
..Typically
gonochoristic
Gnathostomulida
..Triploblastic,
bilateral, vermiform, unsegmented and acoelomate
..Incomplete
gut
..Unique
jaw structure
..Hermaphroditic
Rotifera (rotifers)
..Triploblastic,
pseudocoelomate
..Bilateral
symmetry
..Pharynx
modified into mastix with jaw like structures
..Ciliated
corona for feeding
..Toes
and adhesive glands at posterior
..Typically
parthenogenetic (only females, asexually reproduce)
Gastrotricha (gastrotrichs)
..Triploblastic
..Bilateral
symmetry
..Adhesive
tubes
..Cuticle
forming plates and spines
..Complete
gut and protonephridia
..Hermaphroditic
or parthenogenetic
Kinorhyncha (kinorhynchs)
..Triploblastic,
bilateral, pseudocoelomate
..Body
divided into 13 segments called zonites
..Molt
..Complete
gut and protonephridia
..Gonochoristic
Nematoda (round worms)
..Triploblastic,
bilateral, vermiform and pseudocoelomate
..Body
covered in cuticle which must be molted
..Cephalic
sense organs called amphids
..Six
lips with sense organs surround mouth
..Unique
excretory system but no special circulatory or gas exchange systems
..Gonochoristic
Nematophora (horsehair worms)
..Triploblastic,
bilateral, vermiform and pseudocoelomate
..Body
very long and thin
..Gut
reduced or nonfunctional
..Larvae
parasitic in arthropods
..Gonochoristic
Priapula
..Triploblastic,
bilateral, unsegmented and vermiform
..Unique
caudal appendage for gas exchange
..Complete
gut
..Thin
cuticle
..Gonochoristic
Acanthocephala
..Triploblastic,
bilateral, vermiform and pseudocoelomate
..Hooked
proboscis at anterior end
..Channel
system on epidermis called the lacunar system
..Gut
absent
..Unique
ligaments partition the body cavity
..Gonochoristic
Entoprocta
..Triploblastic,
bilateral and unsegmented
..Sessile,
stalked zooids
..Cup-shaped
calyx
..Ring
of tentacles enclosing mouth and anus
..Gonochoristic
Loricifera
..Triploblastic,
bilateral, and pseudocoelomate
..Body
divided into head, neck, and thorax, all of which are retractable into
the abdomen
..Cuticular
lorica
..Mouth
housed in oral cone with stylets
..Gonochoristic
Annelida (segmented worms)
..Schizocoelomate,
bilaterally symmetrical
..Segmented
..Complete
digestive tract with regional specialization
..Closed
circulatory system
..Cerebral
ganglion and ventral nerve cord
..Paired,
bundled setae on each segment
Echuira
..Schizocoelomate,
bilaterally symmetrical
..Unsegmented
..Complete
digestive tract
..Simple
closed circulatory system
..Nonretractable
preoral proboscis
Sipuncula (peanut worms)
..Schizocoelomate,
bilaterally symmetrical
..Unsegmented
..Complete
U-shaped gut
..Mouth
with tentacles
..Unique
retractable anterior body region called introvert
Pogonophora (beard worms)
..Coelomate,
bilaterally symmetrical
..Reginally
specialized body
..Lack
digestive system
..Closed
circulatory system
..Dwell
in tubes
..Well
developed anterior body cavities
..Three
nerve cords
Vestimentifera (vent worms)
..Coelomate,
bilaterally symmetrical
..Reginally
specialized body
..Lack
digestive system in adults
..Closed
circulatory system
..Dwell
in tubes
..Vestimental
wings
..Single
nerve cord
Mollusca (snails, clams,
octopuses, tusk shells, chitons, etc.)
..Coelomate,
bilaterally symmetrical (secondary asymmetry)
..Principle
body cavity a hemocoel
..Mantle
covers body (thickened epidermis which secretes the shell, when present)
..Shell
made of calcareuos material
..Muscular
foot
..Buccal
region with radula
..Complete
gut
Arthropoda (insects, crustaceans, spiders, etc.)
..Coelomate,
bilaterally symmetrical
..Segmented
body
..Hard
exoskeleton (formed by cuticle, must be molted)
..Segmented,
jointed appendages
..Pair
of complex eyes and several simple eyes
..Open
circulatory system
..Striated
muscles
Tardigrada (water bears)
..Coelomate,
bilaterally symmetrical
..Four
pairs of clawed legs
..Ability
to reduce metabolic activity during unfavorable conditions and form tuns
(cysts) for their eggs
..Uncalcified
cuticle, molting
..Smooth
and striated muscle
Onycophora (velvet worms)
..Coelomate,
bilaterally symmetrical
..Weakly
hardened cuticle, molting
..Ciliated
reproductive tract
..Reduced
coelom and hemocoel
..Large
brain
Pentastomida (tongue worms)
..Coelomate,
bilaterally symmetrical
..Parasitic
in lungs of vertebrates
..Leg
like lobe appendages with claws
..Nonchitonous
cuticle, molting
..Five
snouts
Brachiopoda (lamp shells)
..Trimeric,
coelomate
..Two
shells enclose body
..Attach
to substrate with a stalk called a pedicle
..Water
filled mantle cavity
..Coiled
lophophore
..U-shaped
gut
..Open
circulatory system
Ectoprocta/Bryozoa (moss animals)
..Trimeric,
coelomate, colonial
..Possess
a a circular or U-shaped lophophore
..U-shaped
gut
..Sessile
colonies with polymorphic zooids (some specialized for feeding, some for
reproduction, etc.)
|
