Ravel, Maurice Joseph (1875-1937)
French composer, highly influential in 20th-century music. Ravel was born in Ciboure, Basses-Pyrénées. Because of the tonal color, harmonies, mood, and extramusical associations of much of his music, he is often associated with French impressionistic composer Claude Debussy. Unlike Debussy, however, he was strongly attracted to abstract, logical musical structures. Ravel's impressionistic leanings are uppermost in the demanding piano suites Miroirs (1905) and Gaspard de la nuit (1908) and in the Rhapsodie espagnole, for orchestra (1908). He was also gifted at evoking past eras in his works. Ravel's last major work was the Piano Concerto in D, for the left hand (1931), written for Viennese pianist Paul Wittgenstein, who had lost his right arm in World War I (1914-1918).