1901
- Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
(Netherlands)
- "in recognition of the
extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of
chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"
- 1902
- Emil H. Fischer (Germany)
- "in recognition of the
extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine
syntheses"
- 1903
- Svante A. Arrhenius (Sweden)
- "in recognition of the
extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry
by his electrolytic theory of dissociation"
- 1904
- Sir William Ramsay (United
Kingdom)
- "in recognition of his services in
the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his
determination of their place in the periodic system"
- 1905
- Adolf von Baeyer (Germany)
- "in recognition of his services in
the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry,
through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"
- 1906
- Henri Moissan (France)
- "in recognition of the great
services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the
element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of
the electric furnace called after him"
- 1907
- Eduard Buchner (Germany)
- "for his biochemical researches and
his discovery of cellfree fermentation"
- 1908
- Sir Ernest Rutherford (United
Kingdom)
- "for his investigations into the
disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive
substances"
- 1909
- Wilhelm Ostwald (Germany)
- "in recognition of his work on
catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles
governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"
- 1910
- Otto Wallach (Germany)
- "in recognition of his services to
organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the
field of alicyclic compounds"
- 1911
- Marie Curie (France, Poland)
- "in recognition of her services to
the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium
and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature
and compounds of this remarkable element"
- 1912
- Victor Grignard (France)
- "for the discovery of the so-called
Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the
progress of organic chemistry"
- Paul Sabatier (France)
- "for his method of hydrogenating
organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals
whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in
recent years"
- 1913
- Alfred Werner (Switzerland)
- "in recognition of his work on the
linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on
earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially
in inorganic chemistry"
- 1914
- Theodore W. Richards (USA)
- "in recognition of his accurate
determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical
elements"
- 1915
- Richard Willstätter (Germany)
- "for his researches on plant
pigments, especially chlorophyll"
- 1916
- - The Nobel Prize for Chemistry Was Not
Awarded
- 1917
- - The Nobel Prize for Chemistry Was Not
Awarded
- 1918
- Fritz Haber (Germany)
- "for the synthesis of ammonia from
its elements"
- 1919
- - The Nobel Prize for Chemistry Was Not
Awarded
- 1920
- Walther H. Nernst (Germany)
- "in recognition of his work in
thermochemistry"
- 1921
- Frederick Soddy (United Kingdom)
- "for his contributions to our
knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his
investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes"
- 1922
- Francis W. Aston (United Kingdom)
- "for his discovery, by means of his
mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive
elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"
- 1923
- Fritz Pregl (Austria)
- "for his invention of the method of
micro-analysis of organic substances"
- 1924
- - The Nobel Prize for Chemistry Was Not
Awarded
- 1925
- Richard A. Zsigmondy (Germany,
Austria)
- "for his demonstration of the
heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used,
which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry"
- 1926
- Theodor Svedberg (Sweden)
- "for his work on disperse
systems"
- 1927
- Heinrich O. Wieland (Germany)
- "for his investigations of the
constitution of the bile acids and related substances"
- 1928
- Adolf Windaus (Germany)
- "for the services rendered through
his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection
with the vitamins"
- 1929
- Hans von Euler-Chelpin (Sweden,
Germany,)
- Arthur Harden (United Kingdom)
- "for their investigations on the
fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"
- 1930
- Hans Fischer (Germany)
- "for his researches into the
constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his
synthesis of haemin"
- 1931
- Friedrich Bergius (Germany)
- Carl Bosch (Germany)
- "in recognition of their
contributions to the invention and development of chemical high
pressure methods"
- 1932
- Irving Langmuir (USA)
- "for his discoveries and
investigations in surface chemistry"
- 1933
- - The Nobel Prize for Chemistry Was Not
Awarded
- 1934
- Harold C. Urey (USA)
- "for his discovery of heavy
hydrogen" (deuterium)
- 1935
- Frédéric Joliot (France)
- Irène Joliot-Curie (France)
- "in recognition of their synthesis
of new radioactive elements" (artificial radioactivity)
- 1936
- Peter J. W. Debye (Germany,
Netherlands)
- "for his contributions to our
knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole
moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"
- 1937
- Sir Walter N. Haworth (United
Kingdom)
- "for his investigations on
carbohydrates and vitamin C"
- Paul Karrer (Switzerland)
- "for his investigations on
carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
- 1938
- Richard Kuhn (Germany)
- "for his work on carotenoids and
vitamins"
- 1939
- Adolf F. J. Butenandt (Germany)
- "for his work on sex hormones"
- Leopold Ruzicka (Switzerland)
- "for his work on polymethylenes and
higher terpenes"
- 1940
- - The Nobel Prize for Chemistry Was Not
Awarded
- 1941
- - The Nobel Prize for Chemistry Was Not
Awarded
- 1942
- - The Nobel Prize for Chemistry Was Not
Awarded
- 1943
- George de Hevesy (Hungary)
- "for his work on the use of
isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"
- 1944
- Otto Hahn (Germany)
- "for his discovery of the fission
of heavy nuclei"
- 1945
- Artturi I. Virtanen (Finland)
- "for his research and inventions in
agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder
preservation method"
- 1946
- John H. Northrop (USA)
- Wendell M. Stanley (USA)
- "for his discovery that enzymes can
be crystallized"
- James B. Sumner (USA)
- "for their preparation of enzymes
and virus proteins in a pure form"
- 1947
- Sir Robert Robinson (United
Kingdom)
- "for his investigations on plant
products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids"
- 1948
- Arne W. K. Tiselius (Sweden)
- "for his research on
electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his
discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins"
- 1949
- William F. Giauque (USA)
- "for his contributions in the field
of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of
substances at extremely low temperatures"
- 1950
- Kurt Alder (Germany)
- Otto P. H. Diels (Germany)
- "for their discovery and
development of the diene synthesis"
- 1951
- Edwin M. McMillan (USA)
- Glenn Th. Seaborg (USA)
- "for their discoveries in the
chemistry of the transuranium elements"
- 1952
- Archer J. P. Martin (United
Kingdom)
- Richard L. M. Synge (United
Kingdom)
- "for their invention of partition
chromatography"
- 1953
- Hermann Staudinger (Germany)
- "for his discoveries in the field
of macromolecular chemistry"
- 1954
- Linus Carl Pauling (USA)
- "for his research into the nature
of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the
structure of complex substances" (molecular structure of
proteins)
- 1955
- Vincent du Vigneaud (USA)
- "for his work on biochemically
important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a
polypeptide hormone"
- 1956
- Sir Cyril N. Hinshelwood (United
Kingdom)
- Nikolai N. Semjonow (Soviet
Union)
- "for their researches into the
mechanism of chemical reactions"
- 1957
- Sir Alexander R. Todd (United
Kingdom)
- "for his work on nucleotides and
nucleotide co-enzymes"
- 1958
- Frederick Sanger (United Kingdom)
- "for his work on the structure of
proteins, especially that of insulin"
- 1959
- Jaroslav Heyrovský
(Czechoslovakia)
- "for his discovery and development
of the polarographic methods of analysis"
- 1960
- Willard F. Libby (USA)
- "for his method to use carbo 14 for
age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other
branches of science" (radiocarbon dating)
- 1961
- Melvin Calvin (USA)
- "for his research on the carbon
dioxide assimilation in plants" (photosynthesis)
- 1962
- John Cowdery Kendrew (United
Kingdom) Max Ferdinand Perutz (United Kingdom)
- "for their studies of the
structures of globular proteins"
- 1963
- Giulio Natta (Italy)
- Karl Ziegler (Germany)
- "for their discoveries in the field
of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"
- 1964
- Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin (United
Kingdom)
- "for her determinations by X-ray
techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"
- 1965
- Robert Burns Woodward (USA)
- "for his outstanding achievements
in the art of organic synthesis"
- 1966
- Robert S. Mulliken (USA)
- "for his fundamental work
concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by
the molecular orbital method"
- 1967
- Manfred Eigen (Germany)
- George Porter (United Kingdom)
- Ronald G. W. Norrish (United
Kingdom)
- "for their studies of extremely
fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equlibrium by
means of very short pulses of energy"
- 1968
- Lars Onsager (USA, Norway)
- "for the discovery of the
reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the
thermodynamics of irreversible processes"
- 1969
- Odd Hassel (Norway)
- Derek H. Barton (United Kingdom)
- "for their contributions to the
development of the concept of conformation and its application in
chemistry"
- 1970
- Luis F. Leloir (Argentina)
- "for his discovery of sugar
nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"
- 1971
- Gerhard Herzberg (Canada)
- "for his contributions to the
knowledge of electronic stucture and geometry of molecules,
particularly free radicals" (molecular spectroscopy)
- 1972
- Christian B. Anfinsen (USA)
- "for his work on ribonuclease,
especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence
and the biologically active confirmation"
- Stanford Moore (USA)
- William H. Stein (USA)
- "for their contribution to the
understanding of the connection between chemical structure and
catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease
molecule"
- 1973
- Ernst Otto Fischer (Germany)
- Geoffrey Wilkinson (United
Kingdom)
- "for their pioneering work,
performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so
called sandwich compounds"
- 1974
- Paul J. Flory (USA)
- "for his fundamental achievements,
both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the
macromolecules"
- 1975
- John W. Cornforth (United
Kingdom)
- "for his work on the
stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"
- Vladimir Prelog (Switzerland,
Yugoslavia)
- "for his research into the
stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"
- 1976
- William N. Lipscomb (USA)
- "for his studies on the structure
of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"
- 1977
- Ilya Prigogine (Belgium)
- "for his contributions to
non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative
structures"
- 1978
- Peter D. Mitchell (United Kingdom
- "for his contribution to the
understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of
the chemiosmotic theory"
- 1979
- Georg Wittig (Germany)
- Herbert C. Brown (USA)
- "for their development of the use
of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into
important reagents in organic synthesis"
- 1980
- Paul Berg (USA)
- "for his fundamental studies of the
biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to
recombinant-DNA" (technology of gene surgery)
- Walter Gilbert (USA)
- Frederick Sanger (United Kingdom)
- "for their contributions concerning
the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
- 1981
- Kenichi Fukui (Japan)
- Roald Hoffmann (USA)
- "for their theories, developed
independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"
(frontier orbital theory)
- 1982
- Aaron Klug (United Kingdom)
- "for his development of
crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of
biologically important nuclei acid-protein complexes"
- 1983
- Henry Taube (Canada)
- "for his work on the mechanisms of
electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes"
- 1984
- Robert Bruce Merrifield (USA)
- "for his development of methodology
for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
- 1985
- Herbert A. Hauptman (USA)
- Jerome Karle (USA)
- "for their outstanding achievements
in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal
structures"
- 1986
- John C. Polanyi (Canada)
- Dudley R. Herschbach (USA)
- Yuan Tseh Lee (USA)
- "for their contributions concerning
the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
- 1987
- Donald J. Cram (USA)
- Charles J. Pedersen (USA)
- Jean-Marie Lehn (France)
- "for their development and use of
molecules with structure-specific interactions of high
selectivity"
- 1988
- Johann Deisenhofer (Germany)
- Robert Huber (Germany)
- Hartmut Michel (Germany)
- "for the determination of the
three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
- 1989
- Sidney Altman (Canada)
- Thomas Robert Cech (USA)
- "for their discovery of catalytic
properties of RNA"
- 1990
- Elias James Corey (USA)
- "for his development of the theory
and methodology of organic synthesis" (retrosynthetic analysis)
- 1991
- Richard Robert Ernst
(Switzerland)
- "for his contributions to the
development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
- 1992
- Rudolph A. Marcus (USA)
- "for his contributions to the
theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"
- 1993
- Kary Banks Mullis (USA)
- "for his invention of the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"
- Michael Smith (Canada)
- "for his fundamental contributions
to the establishment of oligonucleiotide-based, site-directed
mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"
- 1994
- George A. Olah (USA)
- " for his contribution to
carbocation chemistry"
- 1995
- Paul Crutzen (Netherlands)
- Mario Molina (Mexico)
- Frank Sherwood Rowland (USA)
- "for their work in atmospheric
chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of
ozone"
|