Themes > Science > Physics > Astrophysics > The History of High-Energy Astrophysics > 1990-1994


Nov 1, 1994

Launch of GGS-WIND carrying the Transient Gamma Ray Spectrometer (TGRS) and Konus gamma-ray burst instrument (still operational).

Oct 11, 1994

Termination of the Magellan mission to Venus when the spacecraft entered the Venusian atmosphere; the primary goal of this mission was to make the most highly detailed maps of this planet ever using a sophisticated imaging radar..

Dec 23, 1993

End of scientific operations of the COsmic Background Explorer (COBE), a NASA mission whose primary goals were to study the spectrum and anisotropy of the cosmic 3 degree K background in the energy band from 0.1 to 10 mm, and the spectrum and angular distribution of the diffuse infrared background in the IR and far-IR bands (1 to 300 microns).

Aug 21, 1993

An explosion from the rocket propulsion system destroys Mars Observer when it attempts to maneuver into a Martian orbit. It is the first interplanetary probe lost by NASA. Lost with it is the interplanetary gamma-ray burst detector network consisting of Mars Observer, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, and the Ulysses solar probe.

Jun 23, 1993

Recovery of the EURECA free-flyer by the Shuttle.

Apr 25, 1993

Launch of the Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Systems (ALEXIS) (still operational).

Feb 20, 1993

Launch of the fourth Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite, Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA), known as Astro D prior to launch.

Sep 25, 1992

Launch of Mars Observer.

Aug 7, 1992

Release of the EURECA free-flyer from the Shuttle.

Oct 8, 1992

Pioneer Venus Orbiter enters the Venusian atmosphere. At the time of its demise, the Orbiter had been a functioning anchor in various interplanetary gamma-ray burst detection networks for over 14 years.

Jul 1992

The Gamma satellite ceases operations. This Soviet-led mission had as its principal instrument the Gamma-1 telescope, a gamma-ray detector sensitive to gamma-rays with energies from 50 MeV to 6 GeV.

Jun 7, 1992

Launch of NASA's Extreme UltraViolet Explorer (EUVE).

Nov 1, 1991

Ginga
, the third Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite, ceases operation.

Apr 5, 1991

Launch of Compton Gamma Ray Observatory by the Space Shuttle Atlantis.

Dec 2, 1990

Launch of Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-35) carrying the Astro 1 payload. Astro 1 included three UV telescopes (UIT, HUT, & WUPPE) and the Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT).

Nov 1990

Establishment of the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) at GSFC.

Oct 6, 1990

Launch of Ulysses from the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-41) (still operational).

Jul 11, 1990

Launch of the Russian Gamma satellite. This Soviet-led mission had as its principal instrument the Gamma-1 telescope, a gamma-ray detector sensitive to gamma-rays with energies from 50 MeV to 6 GeV.

Jun 1, 1990

Launch of Röntgen Satellit (ROSAT), an X-ray and EUV astronomy mission due to an international collaboration between Germany, the UK, and the US. This mission had two phases, an All-Sky Survey phase in which the spinning satellite mapped the entire sky in both X-rays and the EUV (and detected more than 100,000 discrete X-ray sources), and a pointed observation phase in which the satellite could make deep observations of selected positions in the sky.

Apr 18, 1990

Launch of the Hubble Space Telescope (still operational).


Information provided by: http://guinan.gsfc.nasa.gov